有些名詞的單複數,並不根據「邏輯」來決定,純粹是順著早已固定下來的用法使用。所以只能靠背的。下面各片語裡的名詞,是常被誤加-s的字:
1.請幫忙宣傳。
(X) Please help spread the words!
(O)Please help spread the word!
2.我在幫休假的人代班。
(X)I’m replacing someone on holidays.
(O)I’m replacing someone on holiday.
3.到處都有。
(X)It’s all over the places.
(O)It’s all over the place.
4.已經開始紮根了。
(X)It’s taking roots.
(O)It’s taking root.
5.我們閒聊了一下。
(X)We enjoyed some small talks.
(O)We enjoyed some small talk.
6.我是透過反覆嘗試和錯誤學來的。
(X)I learned it through trials and errors.
(O)I learned it through trial and error.
7.他享有白人特權。
(X)He enjoys white privileges.
(O)He enjoys white privilege.
8.小心你的腳步。
(X)Watch your steps.
(O)Watch your step.
9.他語感很好。
(X)He has good ears for languages.
(O)He has a good ear for language.
10.他把事情描述得很詳細。
(X)He described it in details.
(O)He described it in detail.
下面的片語剛好相反,常聽到有人用單數,但其實應該用複數:
1.我向您表達我最誠摯的歉意。
(X)My sincerest apology!
(O)My sincerest apologies!
2.有任何問題,請告知。
(X)Let me know if you have any concern!
(O)Let me know if you have any concerns!
3.你想交朋友嗎?
(X)Would you like to make friend?
(O)Would you like to make friends?
4.這實現了他原不敢奢求的夢想。
(X)It was beyond his wildest dream.
(O)It was beyond his wildest dreams.
5.她能得到這份工作主要靠她的美貌。
(X)She got the job based mainly on her good look.
(O)She got the job based mainly on her good looks.
6.我能借看你的筆記嗎?
(X)Can I borrow your note?
(O)Can I borrow your notes?
7.我兒子在國外讀書。
(X)My son is studying oversea.
(O)My son is studying overseas.
8.他寫作能力很好。
(X)He has good writing skill.
(O)He has good writing skills.
9.恭喜!
(X)Congratulation!
(O)Congratulations!
10.這種練習對學習有幫助。
(X)This exercise is good for learning purpose.
(O)This exercise is good for learning purposes.
用名詞修飾名詞,一般用沒有-s詞尾的單數形式
耳機、工具箱、牙刷等中文複合名詞,要怎樣翻成英文呢?
大家都知道,當可數名詞的數量是2個以上時,要加-s詞尾,但「耳機」的英文是ear phones或earphones,不是ears phones;「工具箱」是 tool box或toolbox,而不是tools box;「牙刷」是toothbrush,不是teethbrush。
所以要記得,當形容詞用的名詞,是單數型態!
請把這些中文的複合名詞翻成正確的英文:吹葉機、指甲刀、粉絲來信、削鉛筆機、鞋帶、壁紙、手銬、玩具箱、擦碗毛巾。
(答案:leaf blower, nail clippers, fan mail, pencil sharpener, shoe laces, wallpaper, hand cuffs, toy box, dish towel)
可數、不可數,英式、美式用法不盡相同
就可數和不可數的問題來說,美式和英式英語通常是一致的,可是偶爾就是會碰到一些小差別。
在美式英語裡,「洋芋泥」一般叫做mashed potatoes,但在英式英語裡,就叫做 mashed potato,或簡稱為mash。在聽或看英文時,記得隨時注意每個名詞的單、複數,以及可數不可數,就會大大減少發生誤會的機率。
責任編輯:倪旻勤
核稿編輯:陳瑋鴻